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Environmental protection is a central problem in development. In recent decades, an increasingly diverse group of local, national, regional, and transnational actors have created a complex set of institutions to enable environmental governance. While the field of environmental governance is becoming more expansive, the national state still plays a central role in shaping environmental policy outcomes. This dissertation examines the bureaucratic process in China through which environmental policies are made. I bring together historical circumstances, domestic bureaucratic dynamics, and transnational political forces to explain the current state of environmental governance in the most populated nation on earth. Methodologically, this dissertation draws from archival and ethnographic research. During archival research, I delved into the collection of published articles by Chinese scholar-officials since 1949, when the People’s Republic of China was founded. Additionally, I conducted ethnographic fieldwork in the Chinese Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (MoHURD) from December of 2013 to December of 2014. I conclude that under the authoritarian political framework, the Chinese state depends on a narrow set of bureaucratic tools for environmental policy-making. Specifically, these tools enable Chinese state actors to transform complex ecological relationships into measurable and predictable quantitative indicators for policy-making. I demonstrate that this process of quantification, which may seem similar to policy processes elsewhere, is deeply entangled with the historical evolution of the Chinese party-state bureaucracy. Furthermore, the history of the party-state interacts with contemporary politics of international development to consolidate the use of quantitative instruments in Chinese environmental governance. This dissertation articulates the confluence of historical, domestic, and international forces that gives rise to authoritarian environmentalism. This discussion of authoritarian environmentalism furthers our understanding of the difficulties with which political institutions handle environmental affairs. It also contributes to an understanding of environmental state as a bureaucratic process, bridging the work of environmental and political sociologists.

This Book was ranked at 36 by Google Books for keyword Environmentalism.

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